Randy Silverman, Adjunct Faculty
Associate Preservation Librarian, University of Utah Marriott Library
295 South 1500 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0860
email: randy.silverman@library.utah.edu
w. 801-585-6782; h. 801-487-6970 fax: 801-585-3464

Office Hours
Mostly by e-mail or telephone due to our geography, although I’m happy to meet one-on-one by appointment if you are going to be in Salt Lake City, or during lunch or after class while I’m in Arizona.

Course Description
This course provides an introduction to the preservation of library materials. The curriculum includes an overview of the causes of physical and chemical deterioration in various forms of library media, and explores the body of knowledge related to ameliorating these problems. The sequence includes a history of papermaking and book production for the purpose of understanding the physical “stuff” of library collections, as well as some non-book media. Inherent causes of book and paper deterioration will be discussed in relation to currently accepted standards for book and paper conservation. Current replication practices will be contrasted with outmoded methods. The role of preventive measures, including appropriate care and handling, archival housing, the use of alkaline paper, and environmental control will be explored. Technical aspects of commercial library binding, in-house book repair, and rare book conservation will be evaluated. Approaches to disaster preparedness and response will also be reviewed.

Course Outline
The course includes the following components:

Session 1 — Course Overview and Introduction
Session 2 — Environmental Control and Preventive Conservation
Session 3 — Understanding Papermaking History
Session 4 — Paper Conservation
Session 5 — Understanding Books
a. Manuscript Books
b. The Hand-Press Period (c. 1450-1800)
c. The Machine-Press Period (c. 1800-2000)
d. Typography
e. Image as Text
f. Bookbinding
Session 6 — Library Binding
Session 7 — Book Repair
Session 8 — Book Conservation
Session 9 — Photographic Media
Session 10 — Sound Recordings, Magnetic, and Digital Media
Session 12 — Selection and Preservation Reformatting
Session 11 — Care and Handling
Session 13 — Disaster Recovery
Session 14 — Preservation Administration

Course Outcomes
C Knowledge of the history of books, paper, photographs, and related library media (including paper, parchment, microforms, phonograph records, magnetic tape, and digital media), the ways in which information packages have evolved during the past 4,500 years, some of the noteworthy contributors (papermakers, printers, illustrators, typographers, bookbinders, and designers) who are responsible for this evolution, and the types of physical and chemical deterioration that affect these materials.

C Knowledge of current book and paper conservation options for decelerating deterioration (preventive conservation) including appropriate environmental controls, care and handling, storage, and exhibit practices.

C Knowledge of current book and paper conservation treatment options for repairing library and archival media, including library binding, book repair, and rare book and paper conservation methodologies.

C Knowledge of ethical considerations related to preservation versus replication of all types of library material appropriate to achieving long-term permanence.

C Knowledge of disaster planning and response options.

Course Materials
The following required and suggested readings provide an introduction to this course. The textbooks (Baker, Ogden, and Kilgour) are to be read before the first class meeting. Additional reading should be culled from supplementary sources that follow, as possible.

Textbooks — A single text book that provides a broad introduction to the field of library preservation is very difficult to identify. Readings from a number of sources are therefore required to gain a broad overview of the subject. This semester we will use three books as required readings.

The first is quite controversial among some librarians and preservation professionals (many have an opinion about it although few can claim to have actually read it!). The book takes the position that national preservation practices, especially during the past couple of decades, resulted in a significant loss of historical material.

Baker, Nicholson, Double fold : Libraries and the assault on paper (New York : Random House, 2001).

Double fold was the 2001 National Book Critics Circle Award winner for general nonfiction. (Founded in 1974, The National Book Critics Circle consists of nearly 700 active book reviewers, interested in communicating with one another about common concerns, annually presenting an award for the best book in five categories: fiction, general nonfiction, biography/autobiography, poetry, and criticism). This is a very well written and researched text (a real page turner!) that I hope you’ll enjoy.

The second is a manual comprised of a series of leaflets developed over the years by the Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC) for their institutional clients to answer commonly-asked preservation questions. There is no requirement to purchase this manual (although it is for sale from NEDCC), as the text can be accessed online and downloaded in its entirety (443 p.) at: http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/newman.htm

Ogden, Sherelyn, (ed.). Preservation of library and archival materials: A manual, 3rd ed., (Andover, MA: Northeast Document Conservation Center, 1999).

A solid, although brief, bracing in the history of the book can be found in:
Kilgour, Frederick G., The evolution of the book (New York : Oxford University Press, 1998). 180 p.

Now, on to the suggested readings. The first is a very authoritative text I would recommend that resulted from a long-range planning study conducted for the National Archives. While now a bit dated, the systematic approach used by the National Research Council produced an excellent, authoritative piece of work.

Committee on Preservation of Historical Records, National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council, Preservation of historical records, (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986).

The next two are basic introductions to preservation principles applicable to the wide range of objects that comprise our material culture. They were developed recently as references for the general public, and while the first is the more technical of the two, I think either will give you a good bracing:

Landrey, Gregory J. [et al.], The Winterthur guide to caring for your collection (Winterthur, DE : Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, 2000). This book can be ordered directly from Winterthur Museum Book Store for $17.95 by calling 800-448-3883 and asking to be transferred to the Book Store.

Long, Jane S., and Richard W. Long, Caring for your family treasures : Heritage preservation (New York : H. N. Abrams, 2000). This is available for $24.94 directly from Heritage Preservation by calling 888-388-6789.

A better book on the history of the book, and one well worth reading in place of the Kilgour text is:

Martin, Henri-Jean, The history and power of writing, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).

General information related to library preservation can be found at the following on-line sources:

Preservation 101: An Internet Course on Paper Preservation http://www.nedcc.org/p101cs/p101wel.htm
Eight modules that include self-testing quizzes, this very well designed online tutorial covers archiving; environmental, biological, and mechanical causes of deterioration; cleaning and tools of the trade; planning for emergencies; specifics on storage and care of photographic images; and organizing a preservation program. Also included is a glossary of terms, basic care and handling guidelines, and an annotated guide to further sources, both hard copy and online. Copyright 2002 by Librarians' Index to the Internet, lii.org.

Conservation OnLine (CoOL) http://palimpsest.stanford.edu
Resources for Conservation Professionals. For example, at bottom of page under "Library Binding" you can get ANSI/NISO/LBI standards. Or, click in Conservation/Information for the General Public, then Online Conservation/Preservation Serials and you can get include Abbey Newsletter, AIC Journal, Journal of Conservation & Museum Studies, etc. (Unfortunately the Session 5 1979 citation from Abbey Newsletter is not yet scanned in, but about 20 years' worth are available.)

Conservation DistList Archives http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byform/mailing-lists/cdl
Discussion and questions by real conservation professionals world-wide. The list is moderated by Walter Henry of Stanford University. For example, click search and enter "Library Binding." The results are postings to the list on the subject.

AIC (American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works) http://aic.stanford.edu
Try clicking General Information and then Definitions of Conservation Terminology for a good (short) glossary. The Related Web Sites & Resources could be helpful too. Or from the main page try Conservation Specialities or Caring for Your Treasures (each section has a bibliography).

National Park Service Conserve O Grams, available at:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram

Library of Congress Preservation Directorate, available at: http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/

National Preservation Office of the British Library http://www.bl.uk/services/preservation/fpublications.html
Has some full-text preservation guidance leaflets. Titles include “Good Handling Principles and Practice for Library and Archive Materials,” “Photocopying of Archive and Library Materials,” “The Application and Use of Standards in the Care and Management of Libraries and Archives,” “Preservation of Photographic Material."

Amigos http://63.241.173.83/preservation/leaflets.html
Imaging & Preservation Services, a component of Amigos Library Services, Inc., (a nonprofit, resource-sharing organization in the southwestern United States), provides informational leaflets.

National Information Standards Organization http://www.niso.org/
NISO develops and promotes technical standards used in a wide variety of information services. NISO is a nonprofit association accredited as a standards developer by the American National Standards Institute, the national clearinghouse for voluntary standards development in the U.S.

Regional Alliance for Preservation http://www.rap-arcc.org/
The mission of the Regional Alliance for Preservation (RAP) is to provide comprehensive preservation information to cultural institutions and the public throughout the United States.

Nationaal Archief (the National Archives of the Netherlands) and the European Commission on Preservation and Access, Gateway for Resources and Information on Preservation (GRIP) http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/grip/
GRIP is a fully searchable database of information on preservation of the documentary heritage.

Digital Preservation Testbed. The Testbed is experimenting with digital information in a unique E-lab to determine the best methods of long-term preservation, not just now, but also over ten, twenty or hundred years. Working for the Dutch government, is researching the answers to questions such as: How can you preserve e-mails that contain important agreements? If asked by Parliament, can an arbitrary ministerial employee find and retrieve important records created and saved by someone else? Is a digital permit still readable after ten years? http://www.digitaleduurzaamheid.nl/home.cfm

Suggested Course Readings
The readings listed in the course outline below provide further bibliographic suggestions related to specific areas of the course outline. You may choose to investigate these as your curiosity dictates and as time allows. The audiovisual material listed will be shown in class (as possible).

Session 1 — Course Overview and Introduction
Introduction to library preservation. Course outline and student/teacher expectations.

Preparatory Reading
Darling, Pamela. W., & Ogden, S., “From problems perceived to programs in practice: The preservation of library resources in the U. S. A., 1956-1980,” Library resources & technical services 25 (no. 1, January-March, 1981), 9-29.

Higginbotham, Barbra Buckner. Our past preserved, a history of American library preservation 1876-1910, (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1990). (Use as a reference as needed).

Larsen, A. Dean, and Randy Silverman, “Preservation,” in Library technical services: Operations and management, 2nd ed., (San Diego: Academic Press, 1991), 205-269.

Shahani, Chandru J. and Wiliam K. Wilson, “Preservation of Libraries and Archives,” American scientist 75 (May-June 1987), 240-250.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Peter Elbow on writing [videorecording] / a production of the Media Education Foundation ; produced & conceptualized by Patricia H. Mangan ; director, Sut Jhally. Publisher Northhampton, MA : Media Education Foundation, c1995. Description 1 videocassette (43 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass PE1408 .P439 1995 ).

Session 2 — Environmental Control and Preventive Conservation
Temperature, relative humidity, and light. Environmental monitoring equipment. Insects and biological pests.

Weintraub, Steven, “Creating and maintaining the right environment,” in, National Committee to Save America's Cultural Collections (Arthur W. Schultz, chairman), Caring for your collections : Preserving and protecting your art and other collectibles (New York: H. N. Abrams, 1992), 18-29.

Session 3 — Understanding Papermaking History
Origins and world-wide spread of paper. Handmade and machine-made papers. Traditional and contemporary materials. Acidic and alkaline machine-made papers. The role of the librarian as an advocate for the use of alkaline paper for modern publications.

Preparatory Reading
Clapp, Verner W., “The story of permanent/durable paper 1115-1970,” Restaurator, supplement 3 (1972), 1-58.

Clapperton, R.H., The papermaking machine, (London: The Oxford University Press, 1967), 15-33.

Grant, Richard P., “About Paper Grain” Skin Deep 10 (Autumn, 2000), at:
http://www.hewit.com/sd10-pape.htm

McCrady, Ellen, “Wood is good,” Library conservation news 20 (1988), 4-5.

American National Information Standards Institute (ANSI) / National Information Standards Organization (NISO) Z39.48-1992 (R1997), Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives, (Gaithersburg, MD: National Information of Standards & Technology,1985). Available online at <http://www.techstreet.com/list_niso_stds.tmpl>.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
The traditional crafts of Japan, pt.7 - Papermaking: echizen paper, [Videorecording], (1992). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass NK 1071 T73 1992 v.4, pt.7).

Practicum
Examples of modern handmade and machine made papers will be used to illustrate grain direction. A demonstration of the swelling characteristics of machine vs. hand made paper will be given.

Session 4 — Paper Conservation
Conservation treatment options including cleaning, mending, single item alkalization, and mass deacidification. Reversibility and other considerations in paper conservation.

Preparatory Reading
Albro, Sylvia R. and Holly H. Krueger. “The Jamestown records of the Virginia Company of London: A conservator's perspective,” published in the Library of Congress’ National Digital Library Program, Papers of Thomas Jefferson online at: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mtjhtml/mtjessay2.html

Brandt, Astrid-Christiane, Mass deacidification of paper, (Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, 1992,) 17-26.

Keyes, K. M., “The unique qualities of paper as an artifact in conservation treatment,” The paper conservator 3 (1978), 4-8.

McParland, M. “Book conservation workshop manual, part 2: The nature and chemistry of paper, its history, analysis & conservation,” The new bookbinder 2 (1982), 17-28. (Use as a reference as needed).

Porck, Henk. J., Mass deacidification, an update on possibilities and limitations, (Washington, DC: Commission on Preservation and Access,1996), 42-45. http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/publ/porck.htm

Zachary, Shannon, “Mass Deacidification in 2002 and the University of Michigan Experience,” ARL Bimonthly Report 224 (October 2002) retrieved online 5 December 2002 at: http://arl.cni.org/newsltr/224/massdeacid.html

Session 5 — Understanding Books
An overview of the history of books during the past 1,800 years and some of the noteworthy contributors (papermakers, printers, illustrators, typographers, bookbinders, and designers) who are responsible for this evolution. A good, brief introduction to this history is:

Kilgour, Frederick G., The evolution of the book (New York : Oxford University Press, 1998).

A better book, though more demanding, is:
Martin, Henri-Jean, The history and power of writing, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).

Book History Online, an international bibliography of the history of the printed book and libraries is designed, managed, maintained and published by the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands, in cooperation with national committees in countries all over the world. http://www.kb.nl/kb/bho/index2.html

Session 5 / a — Manuscript Books (c. 200-1450)
Manufacture and distribution of illuminated manuscript books in Europe, 7th-16th centuries. Scribes and illuminators, techniques for manufacturing ink and vellum, and an overview of a millennium of manuscript book owners will be discussed.

Preparatory Reading
Clanchy, M. T., From memory to written record, England 1066-1307, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1993), 114-177.

De Hamel, Christopher, Scribes and illuminators, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992).

De Hamel, Christopher, History of illuminated manuscripts, (London: Phaidon Press, 1994).

Gordon-Kelter, Janice, “Books and the book trade,” in Medieval England, an encyclopedia, (New York: Garland, 1998), 135-136.

Hussein, Mohamed A., Origins of the book: Egypt's contribution to the development of the book from papyrus to codex, (Greenwich: New York Graphic Society, Ltd., 1972).

Nix, Linda, “Early medieval book design in England: the influence of manuscript design on the transmission of texts,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book: Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 1-22.

Pearsall, Derek (ed.), Book production and publishing in Britain, 1375-1474, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Art and life in the Middle Ages: The Luttrell Psalter [videorecording 36 min.] (Princeton, NJ : Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 1999). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass ND 3357 L8 A78 1999)

The history of writing [videorecording 15 min.], Technology in our world series/ adapted by AIT from Video Library of Science (Bloomington, IN : AIT, c1994). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass P 211 H58 1994).

The Lindisfarne gospels: A masterpiece of Anglo-Saxon book painting [videorecording 35 min.,] produced by the British Library; producer, Kate Barnes; director, Clive Izard. (Princeton, NJ : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 1995). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass ND3359.L5 L55 1995).

The Medieval manuscript : Art and function [videorecording 30 min.] / Center for the Study of Illuminated Manuscripts in the Low Countries ; K. U. Leuven (New Jersey : Films for the Humanities, 1988). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z6 .M43 1988).

The parchment makers: An ancient art in present-day Ethiopia (Grand Haven, Mich.: Sola Scriptura, 2000), videocassette (VHS format, 19 min.) : sd., col. 1/2 in./co-directed by Neal W. Sobania and Raymond A. Silverman; Produced by the Scriptorium: Center for Christian Antiquities, in cooperation with Hope College and Michigan State University. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass TS 1165 P37 2000).

A world inscribed [videorecording 24 min.], a film by Kathleen McDonough (Princeton, N.J. : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass ND2900 .W67 1998).

Session 5 / b — The Hand-Press Period (c. 1450-1800)
The role of the printed book from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment.

Preparatory Reading
Eisenstein, Elizabeth L., The printing revolution in early modern Europe, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).

Gaskell, Philip, A new introduction to bibliography, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972), 5-183. (Use as a reference book as needed).

J. Hewit & Sons Ltd., an English leather producer, publishes Skin Deep, which covers issues related to leather tanning and modern hand book making at: http://www.hewit.com/skindeep.htm

Jardine, Lisa, “The triumph of the book,” (chapter 3) in Worldly goods, a new history of the Renaissance, (New York: Doubleday, 1996).

Smith, Margaret M., “The design relationship between the manuscript and the incunable,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book : Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 23-44.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Anatomy of a book: Format in the hand-press period [videorecording, 30 min., color], produced by Terry Belanger and Peter Herdrich ; directed by Peter Herdrich ; written by Terry Belanger. (Publisher Charlottesville, Va. : Book Arts Press, c1991). – (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V- Cass Z 117 A53 1991) / 1991 30 min.

The making of a Renaissance book [videorecording, sd., b&w: 22 min.], (Charlottesville, VA : American Friends of the Plantin-Moretus Museum; owned and distributed by the Book Arts Press, 2000). Distributed by the Steinhour Press. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z232.P71 M34 2000).

Print history [videorecording 30 min.] / Jones Educational Media ; produced in cooperation with the College Division of the McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. and Knowledge TV ; (New York : Insight Media [distributor], 1997). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z 126 P69 1997).

Session 5 / c — The Machine-Press Period (c. 1800-2000)
The growth of publishing and periodicals; stereotyping; steam-powered, iron printing presses; book sellers; social change.
Preparatory Reading
Alexander, David, “‘Alone worth treble the price’: Illustrations in 18th-century English magazines,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book: Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 107-134.

Anderson, Patricia, The printed image and the transformation of popular culture 1790-1860, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).

“Aspects of the Victorian Book” is an informative website at http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/intro.html

Barnes, James J., Authors, publishers, and politicians: The quest for an Anglo-American copyright agreement, 1815-1854, (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1974).

Bonn, Tomas, “American mass-market paperbacks,” in Jean Peters (ed.), Collectible books: Some new paths, (New York: R. R. Bowker, 1979), 118-51.

Feather, John P., A history of British publishing, (London: Croom Helm, 1988).

Gaskell, Philip, A new introduction to bibliography, 2nd corrected ed., (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), 189-310.

Lilien, Otto, History of industrial gravure printing up to 1920 (London, Lund Humphries, 1972).

Penguin Books has a website containing a history of that extremely influential company’s paperbacks at: http://www.penguin.co.uk/static/packages/uk/history/index.html (then go to, “about Penguin,” in the upper menu bar, and then to “company history” in the links.

Research Society for American Periodicals is an interdisciplinary organization of scholars interested in American magazines and newspapers, and maintain a Website at: http://home.earthlink.net/~ellengarvey/index1.html

Wilson, Christopher P., “The rhetoric of consumption: Mass-market magazines and the demise of the gentle reader, 1880-1920, in Fox, Richard Wightman and T.J. Jackson Lears, (eds.), The Culture of consumption: Critical essays in American history, 1880-1980, (New York : Pantheon Books, 1983), 39-64.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Four stones for Kanemitsu / Tamarind lithography workshop [videorecording, 28 min., color], [1987], [S.l.], (Albuquerque, NM: Tamarind Institute, 1987). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass NE2425 .F68 1987).

The penny press in America: The first mass medium [videorecording 23 min.], produced by Dr. Laurence Jankowski ; (Golden, CO. : Instructional Video, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass PN 4864 P45).

Printing: Access to ideas [videorecording 23 min.], Global Library Project, a cooperative venture of the Library of Congress and Knowledge TV ; producer/director/writer, Jay Garfinkel ; editor, Andrew R. Gelfman ; (Englewood, CO : Jones Education Media, 1997). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z124 P895 1997).

A short history of the newspaper in America: The colonial, revolutionary, and political press [videorecording 17 min.] / producer, Laurence Jankowski. (Golden, CO: Instructional Video, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass PN 4861 S56 1998).

Book industry [videorecording 28 min.] / produced in cooperation with the College Division of the McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. and Knowledge TV ; producer, David P. Stone, ([United States] : Jones International, Ltd. ; Princeton, NJ : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z278 .B72 1998).

Session 5 / d — Typography
Type design and manufacture from Gutenberg to the present.

Preparatory Reading
Barker, Nicholas, “The Aldine italic,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book : Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 45-60.
Haley, Allan, Typographic milestones (New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992).

Lupton, Ellen and J. Abbott Miller, “Period styles: A punctuated history,” in Design, writing, research : Writing on graphic design (New York : Kiosk : Distributed by Princeton Architectural Press, 1996), 32-39.

Session 5 / e — Image as Text
Dominance of images, ancient and modern. Identifying illustration processes, including manuscript illumination; wood block (relief); engraving (intaglio); lithography (planographic); photographic; and photo-mechanical reproduction. Development of graphic design and the changing roles of women.

Preparatory Reading
Benjamin, Walter, “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction,” in Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, Hannah Arendt, ed., translated by Harry Zohn, (New York: Schocken Books, 1969), 217-251.

Bennett, Stuart, “Photography as book illustration,” in Jean Peters (ed.), Collectible books: Some new paths, (New York: R. R. Bowker, 1979), 152-76.

Gascoigne, Bamber, How to identify prints: A complete guide to manual and mechanical processes from woodcut to ink jet, (London: Thames & Hudson 1986). (Use as a reference book as needed).

Graphic design in America : A visual language history, foreword, Caroline Hightower; introduction, Mildred Friedman; essays, Joseph Giovannini ... [et al.] ; interviews, Steven Heller (Minneapolis : Walker Art Center ; New York : Abrams, 1989).

Harris, Neil, “Iconography and intellectual history : The halftone effect,” in Cultural excursions : Marketing appetites and cultural tastes in modern America, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 304-317.

Harris, Neil, “Color and media : Some comparisons and speculations,” in Cultural excursions : Marketing appetites and cultural tastes in modern America, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 318-336.

Harris, Neil, “Pictorial perils : The rise of American illustration,” in Cultural excursions : Marketing appetites and cultural tastes in modern America, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 337-348.

Reese, William S, Stamped with a national character: Nineteenth century American plate books, (New York: Grolier Club, 1999).

Sante, Luc, “Triumph of the image,” New York times magazine, September 19, 1999, p. 65-68, available online at: http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/

Thomson, Ellen Mazur, “Women in graphic design,” in The origins of graphic design in America, 1870-1920, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 105-132.

Tufte, Edward R., The visual display of quantitative information, (Cheshire, Conn. (Box 430, Cheshire 06410) : Graphics Press, 1983).

Tufte, Edward R., Envisioning information, (Cheshire, Conn. (Box 430, Cheshire 06410) : Graphics Press, 1990).

Twyman, Michael, “The emergence of the graphic book in the 19th century,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book : Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 135-180.

Albumen Photographs: History, Science and Preservation - http://albumen.stanford.edu/ "Presenting the art and science of albumen printing, this [searchable] site brings together 19th Century technical instruction, contemporary research, an online forum for conservation treatment and a wealth of images." The Library contains primary source material topically arranged. Science explores how the prints were made and how they are affected by the environment. Technology discusses their history. The Gallery contains a collection of nearly 150 of the prints. There is also a Video demonstration of the process in the making of the prints and a discussion Forum.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Printmaking processes [videorecording 24 min.] / a production of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts ; director, Evan M. Maurer ; producer, Jim Ockuly (Minneapolis : The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass [On Order]).

Beyond words: The marriage of art and literature in bookmaking [videorecording 28 min.], produced and directed by Anita Saewitz (New York, NY: Video Planning, Inc. : Carob Video, 1994). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass NE890 .B49 1994).

Session 5 / f — Bookbinding
Brief overview of the bound codex 4th - 21st centuries. Also, recognizing material culture in the open stacks, from publishers’ cloth bindings to dust jackets.

Preparatory Reading
Allen, Sue, “Machine stamped bookbindings, 1834-1860,” Antiques 115 (March, 1979), 564-572.

Foot, Mirjam, The history of bookbinding as a mirror of society, the 1997 Panizzi lectures (London : British Library, 1998).

Gullans, Charles and John Espey, “American trade bindings and their designers, 1880-1915,” in Jean Peters (ed.), Collectible books: Some new paths, (New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1979), 32-67.

Middleton, Bernard C., A History of English craft bookbinding technique, with a foreword by Howard M. Nixon, 4th rev. ed. (New Catle, Del. : Oak Knoll Press, 1996).

Pickwoad, Nicholas, “Onward and downward: How binders coped with the printing press before 1800,” in Robin Myers and Michael Harris, (eds.), A millennium of the book : Production, design and illustration in the manuscript and print, 900-1900 / (Winchester : St. Paul's Bibliographies ; New Castle, DE : Oak Knoll Press, 1994), 61-106.

Pollard, Graham, “Changes in the style of bookbinding, 1550-1830,” The library, fifth series, 11 (no. 2 , June, 1956), 71-94.

Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), The history of bookbinding, 525-1950 A.D.; an exhibition held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, November 12, 1957, to January 12, 1958, organized by the Walter Art Gallery and presented in cooperation with the Baltimore Museum of Art, (Baltimore, The Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1957). (Use as a reference book as needed).

Practicum
“Judging the Book by its Cover,” pre- and post-test to determine the date of production of ten bookbindings (c. 1830-1915) based on physical evidence.

Session 6 — Library Binding
Different types of commercially available bindings and their appropriate application to repair of circulating library collections.

Preparatory Reading
Merrill-Oldham and Paul Parisi, Guide to the Library Binding Institute standard for library binding, (Chicago: American Library Association, 1990). (Use as a Reference as Needed).

McCrady, Ellen, “Preserving inner margins in the library bindery,” Abbey newsletter 3 (no. 3, September,1979), 29-34.

Parisi, Paul A, “Methods of affixing leaves: Options & implications,” The new library scene 3 (October, 1984), 9-12.

Walker, Gay, “Library binding as a conservation measure,” Collection management 4 (nos. 1 and 2, Spring-Summer, 1982), 55-71.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Library binding : A shared responsibility, a collaborative process (Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, National Preservation Program, 1990) videocassette (VHS format 26 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. / a production of Peter Vogt & Associates, Project director, Carolyn Clark Morrow, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Library Binding Institute. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z701 .L525 1990z).

Session 7— Book Repair
Terminology, techniques, and when and where to apply what.

Preparatory Reading
Silverman, Randy, and Maria Grandinette, “Connoisseurship of nineteenth and early twentieth century publishers’ bookbindings,” in Carlo Federici, et. al., (eds.), International conference on conservation and restoration of archive and library materials, Erice, 22-29 April 1996, vol. 1, (Rome: Istituto centrale per la patologia del libro, 2000), 287-317.

Grandinette, Maria and Randy Silverman, “Library collections conservation in the USA,” in Carlo Federici, et. al., (eds.), International conference on conservation and restoration of archive and library materials, Erice, 22-29 April 1996, vol. 1, (Rome: Istituto centrale per la patologia del libro, 2000), 367-374.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Book industry [videorecording, 28 minutes] / produced in cooperation with the College Division of the McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. and Knowledge TV; producer, David P. Stone (Jones International, Ltd. ; Princeton, NJ : Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 1998). (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z278 .B72 1998).

Preparatory Viewing (use the following as a references as needed)
Fortson-Jones, Judith, Surface cleaning, encapsulation, and jacket-making, [videorecording, 80 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).

Milevski, Robert J., Books in general collections: Paper repairs and pockets, [videorecording, 81 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).

Merrill-Oldham, Jan, Pamphlet binding, [videorecording, 60 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).

Etherington, Don, Books in general collections: Recasing, [videorecording, 79 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).

Jones, Lynn, Protective enclosure: Simple wrappers, [videorecording, 50 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).
Espinosa, Robert, Protective enclosure: Portfolios and boxes, [videorecording, 120 minutes], (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, National Preservation Program Office, 1987).

Preservation and conservation: Basic preservation techniques for libraries and archives, [videorecording, 70 minutes], (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University, 1987(.

Greenfield, Jane, Basic book repair, audiovisual [videorecording, 30 minutes], [New York: H. W. Wilson, 1988).

Session 8— Book Conservation
Book conservation techniques, ethical considerations, and locating reputable conservators.

Preparatory Reading
Albro, Sylvia R., & Thomas C. Albro, II, “The examination and conservation treatment of the Library of Congress Harkness 1531 Huejotzingo Codex,” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 29 (no. 2, 1990), 97-115.

Baynes-Cope, A. D., “Thoughts on ethics in archival conservation,” Restaurator 9 (no. 3, 1988), 136-146.

Clarkson, Christopher, “The conservation of early books in codex form,” Paper conservator 3 (1978), 33-50.

Guidelines for selecting a conservator (pamphlet), (Washington, DC: American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 1987).

Pollard, Graham, “On the repair of medieval bindings,” Paper conservator 1 (1976), 35-36.

Powell, Roger, “Case history of repair and rebinding of an eighth-century vellum manuscript,” in Philip Smith, New directions in bookbinding, (London: Studio Vista 1974), 174-183.

Science for conservators, book 1, an introduction to materials, Crafts Council conservation science teaching series, (London: Crafts Council, 1984), 13-26. (Use as a reference as needed).

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Arno Werner, master bookbinder / Connecticut Public Television (Greenwich, Conn. : artsAMERICA, Inc., 1983), videocassette (VHS format, 29 min.) : sd., col. with b&w sequences ; 1/2 in./ Directed by Jay Whitsett ; produced by Nancy R. Savin. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z269.2.W47 A7 1983).

Practicum
A tour of a local conservation facility will be scheduled as possible.

Session 9— Photographic Media
Overview of the major historic photographic processes, significant deterioration problems, and housing considerations for photographic material.

Preparatory Reading
Adelstein, Peter Z., “History and properties of film supports,” in Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives,1989), 89-101. (Use as a reference as needed).

Hendriks, Klaus B., “Storage & handling of photographic materials,” in Merrily A. Smith, (ed.), Preservation of library materials, conference held at the National Library of Austria, Vienna, April 7-10, 1986, vol. 2 (München: K. G. Saur, 1987), 55-66. (Use as a reference as needed).

Krause, P., “Properties and stability of color photographs,” in Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives,1989), 129-135.

Norris, Debbie Hess, “Photographs,” in National Committee to Save America's Cultural Collections (Arthur W. Schultz, chairman), Caring for your collections : Preserving and protecting your art and other collectibles (New York: H. N. Abrams, 1992), 18-29.

Norris, Debbie Hess, “Preservation planning for diverse photographic holdings,” in Photograph preservation and the research library, (Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group, 1991), 19-27.

Reilly, James M., “Preserving photograph collections in research libraries: A perspective,” in Photograph preservation and the research library, (Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group, 1991), 7-17.

Session 10 — Magnetic and Digital Media
Overview of the major historic photographic processes, significant deterioration problems, and housing considerations for non-print media.

Preparatory Reading
Byers, Fred R. Care and Handling Guide for the Preservation of CDs and DVDs, a guide for librarians and archivists (a CLIR and NIST joint project, NIST Special Publication 500-252, May 2003), available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology as a pdf file (52 pages) or a quick, one-page reference guide at: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/carefordisc/CDandDVDCareandHandlingGuide.pdf

Calmes, Alan, “New preservation concern: Video recordings,” Commission on Preservation and Access newsletter 22 (April, 1990), 5-6. Located at http://www.clir.org/pubs/cpanews/cpanl22.html

Calmes, Alan, “Video tapes,” in Storage of natural history collections: A preventive conservation approach, Vol. I (Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, 1995), 395-400.

Day, Timothy, A century of recorded music : Listening to musical history (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).
Jones, Maggie and Neil Beagrie, Preservation management of digital materials: A handbook ( London: British Library, 2001).

Mallinson, J. C., “Magnetic tape recording: History, evolution and archival considerations,” Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives, 1989), 181-190.

Nugent, William R., “Compact discs and other digital optical discs,” in Storage of natural history collections: A preventive conservation approach, Vol. I (Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, 1995), 401-408.

Playback: a preservation primer for video, (San Francisco: Bay Area Video Coalition, 1998).

St.-Laurent, Gilles, “The care and handling of recorded sound materials,” Commission on Preservation and Access report (Washington, D.C.: Commission on Preservation and Access, 1991; 1996). (The updated version is available online at: http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byauth/st-laurent/care.html)

Van Bogart, John W. C. “Mag Tape Life Expectancy 10-30 years, “ (available online at: http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/electronic-records/electronic-storage-media/bogart.html

Weinberger, Ellis, “Digital objects as manuscripts: How to select material that is born digital for long-term preservation,” presentation to the Cambridge Libraries Group 15 June 1999, retrieved from the web 7 Nov. 2002 at: http://www.cus.cam.ac.uk/~ew206/d-as-m-article/

Session 11 — Selection and Preservation Reformatting
Decision making when sorting library material for conservation treatment or reformatting. Cooperative preservation microfilming, archival photocopying, and magnetic and optical storage.

Preparatory Reading
Calmes, Alan R., “Relative longevity of various archival recording media,” Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives, 1989), 207-221.

Conway, Paul, “Overview: Rationale for digitization and preservation,” chapter II in Maxine K. Sitts, (ed.), Handbook for digital projects: A management tool for preservation and access (Andover, Massachusetts: Northeast Document Conservation Center, 2000), available online at: http://www.nedcc.org/digital/intro.htm

Golembeski, D. J., “Struggling to become an inventor,” Invention and technology (Winter, 1989), 9-15.
Gwinn, Nancy E. and Lisa L. Fox (eds.), Preservation microfilming : A guide for librarians and archivists, 2nd ed., (Chicago : American Library Association, 1996). (use as a reference as needed).

Ogden, Barclay, “Preservation selection and treatment options,” in Preservation: A research library priority for the 1990’s, minutes of the 111th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries, 22 October 1987, (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1988), 38-42.

Subt, Sylvia Y, “Xerographic quality control,” Inform 1 (no. 7, 1987), 10-11, 47.

Walker, Gay, “Preservation decision-making and archival photocopying,” Restaurator 8, (no. 1, July, 1987), 40-51.

Audiovisual (contrasting these two films is very educational; to be shown in class)
Slow fires : On the preservation of the human record / Council on Library Resources (Santa Monica, Calif. : American Film Foundation, 1987), videocassette (VHS format, 59 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in./ Director and producer, Terry Sanders; narrator, Robert MacNeil. (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z701 .S57 1987).

Baker, Nicholson. Double fold : Libraries and the assault on paper [videorecording] (West Lafayette, IN : C-SPAN Archives, c2001)1 videocassette (82 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. -- (University of Utah Marriott Library call number V-Cass Z 695.655 B353 B34 2001).

Session 12 — Care and Handling
Educating staff and patrons about proper book handling procedures. Book return systems. Storage, security, and exhibits.

Preparatory Reading
Adcock, Edward P., (comp. and ed.), IFLA principles for the care and handling of library material, (Washington, D.C. : International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Core Programme on Preservation and Conservation, 1998).

Pickwoad, Nicholas, “Books and libraries,” in, Hermione Sandwith and Sheila Stainton, (eds., and comp.), The National Trust manual of housekeeping (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1993).
Smith, Merrily A, “Care and handling of bound materials,” in Merrily A. Smith, (ed.), Preservation of library materials, conference held at the National Library of Austria, Vienna, April 7-10, 1986, vol. 2 (München: K. G. Saur, 1987), 45-54.

Audiovisual (to be shown in class)
Frost, Gary, and Terry Belanger, How to operate a book, [videorecording], (New York: Columbia University, School of Library Service,1986). (Use as a reference as needed).

Murder in the stacks, [videorecording], (New York: Center for Biomedical Communications, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University,1987). (Use as a reference as needed).

Session 13 — Disaster Recovery
Overview of local, national, and international disasters affecting cultural material. Creating a disaster plan. Recovery techniques for water damaged books, documents and photographs.

Preparatory Reading
Barton, John P., “Recovery of archival material following a disaster,” in Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives, 1989), 291-295.

"Burning Books", a 50-minute documentary film by Knut Jorfald. Made to mark the 10th anniversary of the burning of Bosnia's National Library in Aug. 1992, this film has been shown by IKON on Dutch television (soundtrack in Dutch, English and Bosnian), and is availabe online at: http://www.domovina.net/burning_books.ram

Dorge, Valerie, and Sharon L. Jones, (comp.), Building an emergency plan : A guide for museums and other cultural institutions (Los Angeles : Getty Conservation Institute, 1999).

Fortson, Judith, Disaster planning and recovery : A how-to-do-it manual for librarians and archivists, (New York : Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1992).

Hendriks, Klaus B., & Brian Lesser, “Disaster preparedness and recovery: Photographic materials,” American archivist 46, (no. 1, winter, 1983), 52-68.

“Salvage at a Glance,” available at http://www.museum-security.org/indexdefinitief.html

Session 14 — Preservation Administration
Collection surveys as a means of assessing and prioritizing needs. Methodologies for allotting resources to engender the greatest benefit for the largest number of materials. Institutional politics, state-wide programs, national perceptions, and public education.

Preparatory Reading
Adelstein, Peter Z., “Study of historical records at the National Archives, Washington, DC,” in Proceedings of conservation in archives: International symposium, Ottawa, Canada, May 10-12, 1988, (Paris: International Council on Archives, 1989), 173-179.

Boomgaarden, Wesley L., “Prospective preservation,” in Preservation: A research library priority for the 1990’s, minutes of the 111th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries, 22 October 1987, (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1988), 31-37.

Calmes, Alan, R. Schofer, & K. R. Eberhardt, “Theory and practice of paper preservation for archives,” Restaurator 9 (no. 2 , 1988), 96-111.

Darling, Pamela W., “Introduction,” in Calolyn C. Morrow (ed.), The preservation challenge: A guide to conserving library materials, (White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc., 1983), 1-7.

Merrill-Oldham, Jan, “The preservation program defined,” in Preservation: A research library priority for the 1990’s, minutes of the 111th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries, 22 October 1987, (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1988), 19-25.

Morrow, Carolyn C. “Staffing the preservation program,” in Preservation: A research library priority for the 1990’s, minutes of the 111th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries, 22 October 1987, (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1988), 26-31.

Ogden, Barclay. W., “Determining conservation options at the University of California at Berkeley,” in Jan Merrill-Oldham & Merrily Smith (eds.), The library preservation program: Models, priorities, possibilities, (Chicago: American Library Association, 1985), 63-68.

Walker, Gay, “Preservation planning and perspective,” in Preservation: A research library priority for the 1990’s, minutes of the 111th meeting of the Association of Research Libraries, 22 October 1987, (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1988), 43-50).

Walker, Gay, Jane Greenfield, J. Fox, & J. S. Simonoff, “The Yale survey: A large-scale study of book deterioration in the Yale University Library,” College & Research Libraries 46 (no. 2, March, 1985), 111-132.

Participation
Students are expected to attend class, complete all assigned readings prior to class, participate in the class discussions, and complete a final take-home quiz following the final class. Exceptions to these expectations should be taken up with the instructor.

Participation
Students are expected to attend class, complete all assigned readings prior to class, participate in the class discussions, practicums, on the class listserve, and complete a research paper.

Research Paper
Your research paper will be graded on four components: interest the topic holds for me as a reader, intellectual strength and relevance of the argument, evidence of depth involved in the research, and, quality of the mechanics of the paper (organization, grammar, spelling, footnoting, etc.).

The topic you choose should be one that has meaning for you provides synthesis of some aspect of the course. The paper should be as long as necessary to present a thoughtful, informative and interesting piece of research. Collaborative work with one or more classmates is welcome, as long as each individual independently submits a unique paper. Poor physical presentation of the work, including misspellings, grammatical errors, inadequate footnoting, and the like will result in a lower grade. All papers should be typed, double-spaced, in 12-point type, and prepared using either the Chicago Manual of Style or the American Psychological Association manuscript styles. Papers should be well edited, grammatically correct, and written using standard English. Sources from which information is derived should be accurately cited, including the page number(s) of the citation.

Extra credit (one half letter grade) is available for submitting this paper to a qualified reader for proofreading and editorial comment prior to submitting it to me, so long as the resultant paper is tighter and more carefully groomed (this is a norm prior to submission for publication and you should start to assume it is worth the trouble ASAP).

Beyond the proficiency of the presentation, my greatest concern is with the strength and organization of the argument and the overall readability of the work. Any uncertainty regarding the topic or my expectations for the assignment should be clarified with me in person, by phone, by or via e-mail sooner rather than later.

Topics you might enjoy researching include (but are not limited to) historical and position papers related to preservation; I leave the choice up to you. I would very much like to see your research and writing to benefit you, so I sincerely encourage you to select a topic relevant to the themes of this class that allows you to develop in an area related to your own interests. You can run your ideas past me if you are at all unsure of a direction, and I may be able to help suggest some topics, but feel free to chose your own direction. Suggestions for themes might include:
$ investigate an actual preservation problem and its solution dealing with a specific rare item or a collection (this topic ends itself to a brief history of the applicable preservation standards; an analysis of the problem; and recommendations related to the optimal long-term preservation of the object/collection, including possible funding sources);
$ explore the historical development and evolution of U.S. library preservation;
$ look into the history of (pick one) papermaking, bookbinding, xerography, sound recording, photography, etc., with specific attention to manufacturing methods and materials that affect the permanence of the media;
$ create a biographical sketch of one or more key figures whose contributions have affected the development of specific aspects of library media or its preservation;
$ fashion a defensible argument for or against a specific preservation approach, including, but not limited to, the National Preservation Microfilming program, library binding, digitizing, etc.;
$ argue convincingly for or against the need to preserve material culture within the digital age;
$ undertake a three-dimensional project, such as creating an effective preservation-awareness brochure for distribution at public service points within a real library;
$ write an NEH Preservation Assistance Grant to secure funding to support a professional preservation assessment of your institution, http://www.neh.fed.us/grants/guidelines/pag.html;
$ or, any other topic related to the preservation of library and archival material that overlaps your personal or professional interests.

Self Evaluation
When you mail me a hard copy of your paper (at the address listed on the first page of this syllabus), please include: 1) a stamped, self addressed envelope (so I can return your paper with comments), 2) a picture of yourself (to help me connect your face and your name), and 3) a one-page self evaluation. In this, I’d like you to define your grade, both for the final written assignment and for the class as a whole. Base your assessment on what you feel you put into this class/paper and what you got out of it. Please be realistic. You may think this is an odd approach, but remember, you paid for this class. You are the one controlling your own educational experience. Its hard for me to see things from your perspective given the short amount of time we spend together face-to-face. I tend to use this self assessment if it seems realistic in light of my own perceptions, but am not unlikely to substitute my own evaluation if I do not concur with your perceptions.. Please use the following criteria for your written self-evaluation:

Participation: 30% of the total grade (30 points). Evaluation of participation will be determined by four evenly weighted categories:
$ Demonstrated knowledge derived from reading
$ Demonstrated class participation
$ Demonstrated respect for fellow classmates and overall responsibility

Research paper: 70% of the total grade (70 points). Evaluation of the research paper will be determined by another four evenly weighted categories:
$ Interest the topic holds for reader
$ Intellectual strength and relevance of argument
$ Evidence of research depth
$ Quality of the mechanics

Due Date
A typed, final copy of the research paper is to be submitted to me in hard copy by the date contracted with the instructor. Uncertainty about the paper’s topic or scope, or clarification regarding the guidelines for its completion should be brought to my attention PRIOR to this deadline. Incomplete grades will be granted for certifiable medical emergencies and life tragedies, and can be negotiated with the instructor to extend the time available for research.
Grading
The grade for Preservation will be determined by one ability to communicate an understanding of the course material. This evaluation will be based on a combination of the quality of one’s participation, and the quality of one’s research paper, broken down as follows:

Participation: 30% of the total grade (30 points). Evaluation of participation will be determined by four evenly weighted categories:
$ Demonstrated knowledge derived from reading
$ Demonstrated class participation
$ Demonstrated participation in the listserve
$ Demonstrated respect for fellow classmates and overall responsibility

Research paper: 70% of the total grade (70 points). Evaluation of the research paper will be determined by another four evenly weighted categories:
$ Interest the topic holds for reader
$ Intellectual strength and relevance of argument
$ Evidence of research depth
$ Quality of the mechanics

Students with Disabilities
Students with documented disabilities who need physical or academic accommodations or assistance with emergency evacuations, please contact me as soon as possible so that arrangements and accommodations can be made.

UA Policy on Academic Integrity
As stated in the University of Arizona Policies and Procedures, ”Integrity is expected of every student in all academic work.” For more information on this topic, please refer to the University’s website: http://info-center.ccit.arizona.edu/~studpubs/policies/cacaint.htm

Student Data Sheet
Please fill out a paper copy of the following information sheet and turn it in to me on the first day of class so I can be assured of having current contact information for you, and please attaching an image of yourself to the sheet to help me start connecting your name with your face.

Name:

Address:

Home Phone: Work Phone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Image of yourself (photograph; digital image; or photocopy of a driver’s licence, ID card)

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